Lipomas are soft, benign (non-cancerous) lumps composed of fat cells, called adipocytes, that form just beneath the skin. They are the most common type of soft tissue tumour in adults and typically grow slowly over time. While generally harmless, lipomas can sometimes become noticeable or cause mild discomfort.
A lipoma is a slow-growing, fatty lump that develops between the skin and the underlying muscle layer. They are soft, rubbery to the touch, and often move slightly under the skin when pressed. Most lipomas are small, usually less than 5 centimetres in diameter, although some can grow larger. They commonly appear on the upper back, shoulders, arms, or thighs, and occasionally on the scalp or around the eyelids.
Dermatologists often encounter several types of lipomas, each with unique features:
Understanding the type of lipoma helps dermatologists determine whether observation, medical management, or removal is appropriate.
Lipomas usually present as soft, painless lumps that move easily under the skin. They are often slow-growing and can go unnoticed for months or years. Key characteristics include:
The exact cause of lipomas is not fully understood, but several factors are known to contribute:
Dermatologists or general practitioners typically identify lipomas through a physical examination. The assessment focuses on:
Additional tests may be recommended in certain cases:
Most lipomas are harmless and do not require intervention. Treatment may be considered if:
A lipoma causes discomfort, tenderness, or restricts movement, if there is a cosmetic concern, or if the lump enlarges quickly or displays unusual features.
After treatment, it is important to keep the area clean, follow clinician instructions, monitor for any signs of infection or recurrence, and avoid trauma to the treated site while it heals.
The prognosis for lipomas is generally excellent. Most lipomas are benign, do not cause serious health problems, and can coexist without intervention. Surgical removal is safe, minimally invasive, and recurrence is rare. Patients with multiple lipomas should monitor for new growths, but these lumps typically remain harmless and do not develop into cancer.
While lipomas cannot always be prevented, the risk of growth or recurrence can be minimised through:
